Sensory processing is the recording, modification, and organization of sensory inputs (visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, taste, motor, and other intrinsic senses) that are necessary to provide adaptive responses to situational demands. Proper sensory processing is required to achieve higher levels of skills such as: attention, language, understanding of visual-spatial relationships, and finally to acquire life skills and academic skills. In people with autism spectrum disorder, sensory processing in the brain is not done properly and sensory information such as contact, voice and movement are misinterpreted every day. These errors in the interpretation of information cause behavioral problems and difficulties in adapting and responding to environmental stimuli in the individual. Sensory processing disorder is a complex developmental disorder that can affect a person's life in childhood and adulthood. People with sensory processing disorders may have an over-response or under-response to sensory stimuli, intense or weak sensitivities, a tendency to gain intense sensory experiences, or a refusal to gain sensory experiences, and difficulty in differentiating and distinguishing the senses.
One of the treatments of choice for reducing sensory processing problems in people with autism spectrum disorder is SI. The term sensory integration was used by its theorist (Ayers) because, first, the disorder refers to a neurological deficiency in the ability to transmit sensory information between the brain's sensory systems, and second, it refers to an intervention pattern in which Stimulation of one sensory context is used to influence another sensory context. Deep pressure, for example, is used to affect tactile anesthesia.
In the treatment of sensory integration, two or more senses are actively and simultaneously used so that the child can provide an appropriate adaptive response to his sensory challenges. An adaptive response occurs when a child is able to respond appropriately to activities that increase in difficulty.
In general, the seven senses form the basis of the sensory integration program, which are divided into two categories: near senses (atrial, deep, and tactile) and distant senses (sight, hearing, smell, and taste). When the brain processes information received from near and far senses properly and appropriately, the person will be able to respond to this information automatically and appropriately. The senses far and near in the pyramid of sensory integration are introduced at the first level as the sensory systems of commander and follower. According to the leveling of this pyramid, sensory systems of commander or superior and have a higher rank (in terms of evolutionary value and evolution) at the lower level. And are infrastructure. These systems include the sensory system, the proprioceptive system, and the balance system, with the lower or lower sensory systems, such as the olfactory sensory system, the visual sensory system, the auditory sensory system, and the digestive system sensory system.
